A new flavonoid derivative from leaves of Oxandra Sessiliflora R. E. Fries

The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) phase obtained from the partition of the ethanol (EtOH) extract from leaves of O. sessiliflora R. E. Fries (Annonaceae) was subjected to several chromatographic steps, including high efficiency liquid chromatography (HPLC), to afford the flavonoids: quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), unprecedented in the literature, kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), rutin (3), and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (4). The structures were elucidated by analysis of their ¹H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1D and 2D) spectra and mass spectrometry.A fração em acetato de etila (EtOAc) obtida a partir da partição do extrato de etanol (EtOH) das folhas de O. sessiliflora R. E. Fries (Annonaceae) foi submetida a diversos procedimentos cromatográficos, incluindo cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), o que resultou no isolamento dos flavonóides: quercetina-3-O-α-L-ramnopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-glucopiranosídeo (1), inédito na literatura, canferol-3-O-α-L-ramnopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-glucopiranosídeo (2), rutina (3) e canferol-3-O-rutinosídeo (4). As estruturas foram definidas através da análise dos espectros de ressonância magnética nuclear (NMR) de ¹H e de 13C (1D e 2D) e espectrometria de massas.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal do Piauí Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e FarmacêuticasUNIFESP, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e FarmacêuticasSciEL

Extração e caracterização química do óleo da semente de nim (Azadirachta indica)

The neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is known for its therapeutic, pesticide, fertilizer and pharmacological properties. Due to these attributes, this tree has economic potential and continues to be used worldwide. For oil extraction, the Sohxlet system was used, for the extraction and characterization of volatiles, the HS-SPME/GC-MS method was used, and the fatty acid profile was characterized by GC-FID. The average yield obtained from the oil was 23%. A total of 34 volatile compounds were detected, of which 9 were identified by Kovat's index: 2-methyldecane, 3-methyldecane, 4-methyldecane, 2-methylundecane, 3-methylundecane, 3,4-dimethylthiophene, 2,5-diol- 3-hexane, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and buticyclohexane. In addition to the volatiles in the oil, 7 fatty acids were found; oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, with the oil extracted from the seeds having the highest concentration of oleic acid and linoleic acid in commercial neem oil. Given the presence of these chemical compounds in neem oil, it is suggested, for subsequent investigations, the isolation and application of organosulfur compounds as insecticides. The extraction of oil from flowers and neem seeds with solvents that are less harmful to the environment, together with its application, makes it possible to evaluate its pesticide potential. In addition, it is essential to evaluate the influence of neem on the bee population, analyzing cases of mortality and seeking solutions to avoid environmental damage. Additionally, the viability of neem oil as an industrial and hospital cleaning product is highlighted, exploring antimicrobial, antibacterial and biodegradable properties.A árvore nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) é conhecida por suas propriedades terapêuticas, pesticidas, fertilizantes e farmacológicas. Devido a esses atributos, essa árvore tem potencial econômico e continua sendo utilizada mundialmente. Para a extração do óleo foi utilizado o sistema Sohxlet, para a extração e caracterização dos voláteis foi utilizado o método HS-SPME/CG-EM e o perfil de ácidos graxos foi caracterizado por CG-DIC. O rendimento médio obtido do óleo foi de 23%. Foram detectados 34 compostos voláteis, dos quais 9 foram identificados pelo índice de Kovat: 2-metildecano, 3-metildecano, 4-metildecano, 2-metilundecano, 3-metilundecano, 3,4-dimetiltiofeno, 2,5-diol- 3-hexano, 1,2,3-trimetilbenzeno e buticiclohexano. Além dos voláteis no óleo, foram encontrados 7 ácidos graxos; ácido oleico, ácido linoleico, ácido palmítico e ácido esteárico, entre esses a maior concentração encontrada foi de ácido oleico e ácido linoleico. Diante da presença destes compostos químicos no óleo de nim, sugere-se, para investigações subsequentes, o isolamento e aplicação dos compostos organossulfurados como inseticidas. A extração do óleo das flores e sementes de nim com solventes menos prejudiciais ao meio ambiente, juntamente com sua aplicação, possibilita a avaliação de seu potencial pesticida. Além disso, é fundamental avaliar a influência do nim na população de abelhas, analisando casos de mortalidade e buscando soluções para evitar danos ambientais. Adicionalmente, destaca-se a viabilidade do óleo de nim como produto de limpeza industrial e hospitalar, explorando as propriedades antimicrobianas, antibacterianas e propriedades biodegradáveis

Transdução do sinal de IGF-1 em miométrio e miomas humanos

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Vasorelaxant activity and acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam leaves

The study evaluated the vasorelaxant effect induced by the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam (EEtOH-Zr/leaves). Wistar rats were treated with the leaf extract containing a single dose of 2,000 mg / kg, v.o. After 14 days, the animals were anesthetized for blood collection and subsequent analysis of the biochemical parameters; they were then euthanized (sodium pentobarbital-100 mg/kg, i.p.) for the removal and morphological analysis of the heart, lung, liver and kidney. The vasorelaxation activity the and vascular reactivity of EEtOH-Zr/leaves were evaluated on artery mesenteric rings isolated from rats. The extract showed no signs of toxicity and no significant difference in the values of the biochemical parameters between the control group and the group of treated animals. In the evaluation of pharmacological activity in the smooth muscle, the EEtOH-Zr/leaves caused vasorelaxant effect on the tonic contraction induced by phenylephrine in mesenteric artery preparations in the presence (pD2=2.17±0.05 µg/mL; Emax=99.8±5.2%) and absence (pD2=2.14±0.05 µg/mL; Emax=95.3±6.4%) of the vascular endothelium. Oral administration of EEtOH-Zr/leaves reduced the contraction induced by the cumulative addition of PHE. It is concluded that the EEtOH-Zr/leaves promote vasorelaxation and reduce vascular reactivity of adrenergic alpha-1 agonist in the mesenteric artery. The results did not show toxic effects of the extract

Argumentação sobre produção ecológica durante o ensino de Química

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A Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study of Medical Oncologists

Funding Information: We would like to thank Andrea Bothwell who wrote the manuscript outline and first draft on behalf of Springer Healthcare Communications. We also thank Prof. Carina Silva (ESTEsL – Escola Superior de Tecnologias de Saúde de Lisboa) who performed the preliminary statistical analysis of this study. This medical writing assistance and statistical analysis was funded by CUF Oncologia. Funding Information: Diogo Alpuim Costa has received honoraria from the Portuguese Navy, CUF Oncologia, and NTT DATA, and has served as a speaker, advisory board member, or has received research or education funding from CUF Oncologia, AstraZeneca, Hoffmann-La Roche, Merck KGaA, Novartis, Pfizer, Uriage, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Nanobiotix, Puma Biotechnology Inc., Sanofi, and Seagen Inc. Margarida Brito has participated as advisory board member for Roche, Novartis, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Pfizer. Mário Fontes-Sousa has served as a speaker or advisory board member for Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and Servier. Diogo Martins-Branco received honoraria and advisory board fees from Janssen, Pfizer, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Angelini, AstraZeneca, and Novartis, meeting and travel grants from LEO Farmacêuticos, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Ipsen, Janssen, and Roche, and institutional grants from F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. José Guilherme Gonçalves Nobre, João Paulo Fernandes, Marta Vaz Batista, Ana Simas, Carolina Sales, Helena Gouveia, Leonor Abreu Ribeiro, Andreia Coelho, Mariana Inácio, André Cruz, Mónica Mariano, Joana Savva-Bordalo, Ricardo Fernandes, André Oliveira, Andreia Chaves, Mafalda Sampaio-Alves, and Noémia Afonso have nothing to declare. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Introduction: Cancer care providers have faced many challenges in delivering safe care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional survey-based study investigated the impact of the pandemic on clinical practices of Portuguese medical oncologists caring for patients with breast cancer. Methods: An anonymous online survey comprising 42 questions gathered information regarding COVID-19 testing, treatment in (neo)adjuvant and metastatic settings, and other aspects of breast cancer management. Practices before and during the pandemic were compared, and potential differences in outcomes according to respondents’ regions, case volumes, and practice type were explored. Results: Of 129 respondents, 108 worked in the public health system, giving a representative national picture of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer management. Seventy-one percent of respondents reported a reduction in visits for new cases of breast cancer, and there was a shift towards increased use of telemedicine. Clinical decision-making was largely unaffected in the most aggressive indications (i.e., triple-negative, HER2-positive, visceral crisis). The use of neoadjuvant therapy increased when access to surgery was difficult, whereas dose-dense regimens decreased, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor treatment decreased for less aggressive disease and increased for more aggressive disease. The use of oral formulations and metronomic chemotherapy regimens increased, and clinical trial participation decreased. Some differences by respondents’ region and case volume were noted. Conclusion: Medical oncologists in Portugal implemented many changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, most of which were logical and reasonable responses to the current healthcare emergency; however, the true impact on patient outcomes remains unknown.publishersversionepub_ahead_of_prin

Scientific and technological forecasting of specie Senna occidentalis (L.) Link

A espécie Senna occidentalis (L.) Link (sinonímia Cassia occidentalis), pertencence à família Fabaceae ou Leguminosae, é nativa da América do Sul e distribuída nas regiões tropicais ao redor do mundo. Esta espécie é usada na medicina popular como tônico, febrífugo, estomáquico e purgativo. Apresenta diversas classes de metabólitos secundários como quinonas, especialmente antraquinonas, flavonoides, xantonas, alcaloides, esteroides e saponinas. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma prospecção científica e tecnológica da espécie Senna occidentalis e sua sinonímia Cassia occidentalis nos bancos de dados: European Patent Office (EPO), Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial do Brasil (INPI), Banco de Patentes Latinoamericanas (LATIPAT), United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) e World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Periódicos da Capes, ScienceDirect, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Scopus, e Web of Science. Com a palavra-chave Senna occidentalis foram encontrados 32 patentes depositadas na EPO (19) e WIPO (13). Os artigos científicos estão registrados nas bases: Periódicos Capes (514), ScienceDirect (22), SciELO (26), Scopus (339) e Web of Science (51). Com a sinonímia Cassia occidentalis existem 511 patentes, depositadas na EPO (306), WIPO (200), USPTO (2), LATIPAT (2) e INPI (1), enquanto os artigos científicos encontram-se nas bases: Periódicos Capes (965), ScienceDirect (52), SciELO (11), Scopus (350) e Web of Science (120). Os resultados da prospecção, demostraram que há mais registros de depósitos de patente e artigos científico com a sinonímia C. occidentalis. O estudo pode contribuir para valorizar a prospecção tecnológica, a biodiversidade e preservação da espécie

Platonia insignis

Platonia insignis Mart., popularly known as “bacurizeiro,” is used in traditional medical practices based on its diverse biological properties. This study was aimed at evaluating the antileishmanial effects of the ethanol extract (EtOH-Ext), hexane fraction (Hex-F), and its main isolated Lupeol obtained from stem barks of P. insignis against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, as well as their cytotoxicity and possible mechanisms of action. The EtOH-Ext, Hex-F, and Lupeol inhibited the growth of L. amazonensis promastigote forms at IC50 of 174.24, 45.23, and 39.06 µg/mL, respectively, as well as L. amazonensis axenic amastigote forms at IC50 of 40.58, 35.87, and 44.10 µg/mL, respectively. The mean cytotoxic concentrations for macrophages (CC50) were higher than those for amastigotes (341.95, 71.65, and 144.0 µg/mL, resp.), indicating a selective cytotoxicity towards the parasite rather than the macrophages. Interestingly, all treatments promoted antileishmanial effect against macrophage-internalized amastigotes at concentrations lower than CC50. Furthermore, increases of lysosomal volume of macrophages treated with EtOH-Ext, Hex-F, and Lupeol were observed. On the other hand, only Lupeol stimulated increase of phagocytic capability of macrophages, suggesting this compound might be characterized as the biomarker for the antileishmanial effect of P. insignis stem bark, as well as the involvement of immunomodulatory mechanisms in this effect